There are high rates of substance use within the criminal justice system. 85% of the prison population has an active substance use disorder or were incarcerated for a crime involving drugs or drug use. Inmates with opioid use disorder are at a higher risk for overdose following release from incarceration.

Treatment during and after incarceration is effective and should include comprehensive care (including family support, medication, behavioral therapy, job and housing opportunities, etc.) Despite the cost, treatment in the criminal justice system saves money in the long run.